How do I memorize information more effectively?

The most effective memorization techniques are spaced repetition and active recall. Instead of rereading notes, test yourself on the material repeatedly, spacing out those practice sessions over days or weeks. Apps like Anki automate this process well. Other proven strategies include elaborative encoding, where you connect new information to things you already know, and the method of loci, where you mentally place information along a familiar route. Teaching the material to someone else forces you to identify gaps in your understanding. Sleep is also critical since memory consolidates during sleep, so studying before bed and getting a full night's rest genuinely improves retention. Avoid passive review and prioritize these active, effortful techniques instead.