What causes high blood pressure and how to lower it

High blood pressure is caused by a combination of factors including excess sodium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, chronic stress, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, genetics, aging, and underlying conditions like kidney disease or diabetes. Often no single cause is identified, which is why it's called essential hypertension. To lower it, reduce sodium intake, exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes most days), lose excess weight, limit alcohol, quit smoking, and manage stress through techniques like meditation or deep breathing. The DASH diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, is particularly effective. If lifestyle changes aren't enough, doctors may prescribe medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or diuretics. Regular monitoring is essential.