What causes muscle cramps and how can you prevent them?

Muscle cramps are caused by involuntary muscle contractions that don't relax. Common triggers include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (particularly low potassium, magnesium, or sodium), overexertion, poor circulation, and holding a position for too long. Athletes are especially prone due to fluid and salt loss through sweat. To prevent cramps, stay well hydrated before and during physical activity, and replenish electrolytes with foods like bananas, nuts, and leafy greens or sports drinks during intense exercise. Stretch regularly, especially before and after workouts. Gradually increase exercise intensity rather than pushing too hard too fast. If cramps are frequent and severe, they can sometimes signal underlying conditions like nerve compression or medication side effects, worth discussing with a doctor.