What causes rust and how can I prevent it?

Rust forms when iron or steel reacts with oxygen and moisture in a process called oxidation. Water acts as an electrolyte that speeds up the electron transfer between iron and oxygen, producing iron oxide, which is the reddish-brown flaky substance we recognize as rust. To prevent rust, you can apply a protective barrier between the metal and the environment. Common methods include painting or coating the surface, applying oil or grease, using galvanization which coats steel with a layer of zinc, or using rust-inhibiting primers. Keeping metal surfaces dry and clean also significantly slows rust formation. For ongoing protection, regularly inspect metal objects for scratches or chips in their coating, since exposed areas will rust quickly.