Why do some medications need to be taken with food?

Some medications need to be taken with food primarily to reduce stomach irritation or nausea. Drugs like ibuprofen and aspirin can irritate the stomach lining or increase acid production, and food acts as a buffer that protects the lining and slows absorption, reducing discomfort. Food also affects how some drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream. Certain medications, like some antifungals or HIV drugs, actually absorb better when taken with a fatty meal because they are fat-soluble. Conversely, food can slow gastric emptying, which for some drugs is beneficial to maintain steadier blood levels. The specific reason varies by medication, which is why following the instructions on the label or from a pharmacist matters.